吃不完的食物去哪裡
在餐廳、學校午餐或自助餐，常可看到大量食物被吃剩或丟棄；另一方面，也有人買不起足夠的食物。請以此為主題，寫一篇英文作文，文分兩段。第一段以生活中的例子說明食物浪費常見的原因；第二段提出個人、商家或學校可以採取的兩項做法來減少食物浪費，並說明這些做法為什麼可行。
載入中…
這一題的頂標範文與寫作技巧建議先自己寫完、送出批改，再打開對照。打開看範文 ▾收起 ▴
頂標範文與技術分析
這是同一題的頂標等級範文，標色的地方是值得學起來的進階文法句型或用字。
Food waste has become a troubling paradox of modern life: while mountains of leftovers are scraped into trash bins every day, countless people elsewhere cannot even afford a decent meal. A quick look around any school cafeteria reveals the most common culprits. Buffets, for instance, tempt diners into piling their trays with far more food than they can actually finish, simply because the price is fixed no matter how much is taken. Similarly, school lunches are often served in standardized portions, so students with smaller appetites are left with trays of rice and vegetables they never intended to eat. Not only do oversized portions contribute to this problem, but poor planning does as well—restaurants sometimes overestimate how many customers will show up, resulting in prepared dishes that, having never been touched by a fork, are thrown away at closing time. It is this combination of greed, inflexibility, and miscalculation that turns edible food into garbage. Fortunately, there are practical measures that individuals, businesses, and schools alike can adopt to curb this waste. First, restaurants and cafeterias could offer flexible portion sizes, allowing customers to choose "small," "regular," or "large" servings at adjusted prices. Were such options made available, diners would be far less likely to order more than they need, since they would no longer feel forced to accept a one-size-fits-all portion. Second, schools and companies could partner with local food banks or charities to donate surplus meals before they spoil. Not only would this prevent perfectly good food from ending up in landfills, but it would also provide nutritious meals to those who cannot afford enough food, thereby tackling both ends of the paradox at once. Simple as they may sound, these two measures—giving diners choice and redirecting surplus to those in need—could go a long way toward building a society in which food is treated with the respect it deserves.
技巧說明（5）
文法規則：當句首出現否定或半否定意味的副詞片語（如 Not only）時，後面的子句必須採用部分倒裝，也就是把助動詞（或 be 動詞）提到主詞前面，形成「Not only + 助動詞 + 主詞 + 原形動詞」的結構，例如此處的 do oversized portions contribute。為什麼加分：相較於平鋪直敘地寫 'Oversized portions contribute to this problem, and poor planning does too.'，倒裝句立刻讓句子產生強調語氣與節奏變化，閱卷老師會感受到考生對英文句構的掌握度較高，而不是只會用簡單句堆疊。套用方法：學生可以在舉出兩個並列原因或論點時使用這個句型，例如寫健康主題時可以說 'Not only does lack of exercise harm the body, but poor diet does as well.' 只要記得倒裝只發生在 Not only 開頭的子句，後面的 but 子句則維持正常語序（但常加 also/as well）。
文法規則：分詞構句是把一個完整子句濃縮成分詞片語，用來表示時間先後或原因，通常省略主詞（與主要子句主詞一致）與連接詞。這裡的 having never been touched by a fork 其實是簡化自 'because they have never been touched by a fork'，因為主詞與主要子句的 dishes 相同，且動作發生在被丟棄之前（完成式分詞 having p.p. 表示先於主要動作），所以用 having been touched 的被動完成分詞形式。為什麼加分：直接寫成 'because they have never been touched by a fork, they are thrown away' 雖然文法正確，但略顯冗長；用分詞構句插入句中，句子更緊湊、更有書面語的精煉感，也展現考生能靈活運用完成式被動分詞。套用方法：學生在描述「先發生的動作導致後面結果」時都可以套用，例如 'The essay, having been written in a hurry, contained several mistakes.' 記得判斷主動或被動：若分詞的邏輯主詞是動作的執行者用 having p.p.（主動），若是被動作承受者則用 having been p.p.。
文法規則：在與現在或未來事實相反的假設句中，若 if 子句的動詞是 be 動詞，可以省略 if 並將 were 提到主詞前面，形成倒裝，即 'Were + 主詞 + 過去分詞/形容詞, 主詞 + 過去式助動詞 + 原形動詞'，這裡原句是 'If such options were made available, diners would be...'。為什麼加分：比起平鋪直敘的 if 子句，倒裝假設語氣是公認的高階文法，能展現考生對虛擬語氣與倒裝規則的綜合運用能力，讓文章讀起來更正式、更有說服力，是學測作文中很容易拿到額外印象分的句型。套用方法：只要句子是「如果...的話，就會...」且 if 子句含有 be 動詞或 had/should，都可以嘗試倒裝，例如 'Were I given more time, I would finish the project perfectly.' 或 'Had the school provided more bins, less waste would have occurred.' 建議考生在議論文的建議段落多使用這類句型來包裝自己的論點，增加文章的說服力與文法深度。
文法規則：這是強調句型 'It is/was + 被強調的名詞/片語 + that + 剩餘子句'，用來把句子中最重要的資訊放到最前面加以強調。這裡原本的句子是 'This combination of greed, inflexibility, and miscalculation turns edible food into garbage.'，透過強調句型把主詞 this combination... 抽出強調。為什麼加分：強調句能讓段落結尾的總結句更有力道，彷彿在為第一段的論述下一個精簡有力的結論，而不是用普通的直述句草草結束，閱卷老師會感受到文章的層次感與邏輯收尾。套用方法：學生可以在段落結尾用 'It is A, B, and C that + 結果子句' 的方式統整前面提到的多個原因或因素，例如寫環保主題時可以說 'It is this lack of awareness that leads to the pollution we see today.' 這個句型特別適合用來總結一段論述中出現的多個並列原因。
文法規則：'go a long way toward + V-ing' 是一個道地的英語慣用語，意思是「對...大有幫助、有很大的貢獻」，toward 後面要接動名詞而非原形動詞；而 'in which' 則是關係子句中介系詞提前的用法，用來修飾 society，表示 food is treated with respect in that society，屬於正式書面語的關係子句寫法。為什麼加分：相較於直接寫 'These measures can help reduce food waste.' 這種平淡的句子，使用 go a long way toward 這個慣用語搭配 in which 關係子句，展現出考生字彙的廣度與句子結構的複雜度，讓結尾句更有文采也更道地，不是翻譯腔英文。套用方法：學生可以把 'X could go a long way toward + V-ing + 目標' 套用在任何議論文的結尾，例如 'Recycling more plastic could go a long way toward protecting our oceans.'，搭配 in which / where 引導的關係子句描述理想的情境或社會樣貌，是結尾升華主題很好用的句型。
範文由 WriteUp 依學測評分規準產生，供練習參考，不是大考中心公布的佳作。