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書信寫作基礎歷屆真題・97學測120~250 字

物品遺失

你(英文名字必須假設為 George 或 Mary)向朋友(英文名字必須假設為 Adam 或 Eve)借了一件相當珍貴的物品,但不慎遺失,一時又買不到替代品。請寫一封信,第一段說明物品遺失的經過,第二段則表達歉意並提出可能的解決方案。 請注意:為避免評分困擾,請使用上述提示的 George 或 Mary 在信末署名,不得使用自己真實的中文或英文姓名。

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這一題的頂標範文與寫作技巧建議先自己寫完、送出批改,再打開對照。打開看範文 ▾
頂標範文同一題的示範寫法,值得學起來

頂標範文與技術分析

這是同一題的頂標等級範文,標色的地方是值得學起來的進階文法句型或用字。

Dear Adam, I am writing to apologize for something that has been weighing heavily on my mind. Last Saturday, I borrowed your limited-edition vinyl record of The Beatles — the one signed by the original band members — planning to show it to my music club. On my way home, I stopped at a convenience store, and it was not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag containing the record on the counter. I rushed back immediately, only to find that it had already disappeared. Having searched the entire neighborhood and even filed a report with the store manager, I was devastated to conclude that the record was truly gone. I cannot express how deeply sorry I am for losing something so irreplaceable. I understand that no apology can undo what has happened, yet I want you to know that I take full responsibility. To make amends, I have already contacted several vintage music dealers and online auction sites, hoping to track down an identical copy. Should I manage to find one, I will have it delivered to you at once. In the meantime, I would like to offer you my most treasured possession — my grandfather's handwritten music notebook — as a token of my sincerity, until a proper replacement is found. Please forgive me, Adam. Your friendship means more to me than anything. Sincerely, George

技巧說明(6)

分詞構句(表時間與結果)Having searched the entire neighborhood and even filed a report with the store manager, I was devastated to conclude that the record was truly gone.

①文法規則:分詞構句(participial phrase)用來壓縮兩個動作關係。這裡使用「Having + 過去分詞」的完成式分詞構句,表示「在主要子句動作之前已經完成的動作」。完整展開應為:After I had searched the entire neighborhood and had even filed a report with the store manager, I was devastated…,但透過分詞構句可以去掉重複的主詞與連接詞,讓句子更精煉。②為什麼加分:如果寫成 I searched the neighborhood and filed a report, but I was still devastated,雖然文意相同,但結構平淡、節奏單調。改用完成式分詞構句,不僅展現「先後順序」的時間邏輯,還能製造語氣上的「努力過後仍徒勞」的情緒張力,讓閱卷老師感受到敘事層次。③套用方法:此句型可套用在「敘述一連串努力後得到負面結果」的情境。例如:Having studied all night and reviewed every chapter, I still failed the exam.(熬夜讀書、複習完所有章節之後,我仍然考砸了。)套用格式:Having + 過去分詞(動作1)and + 過去分詞(動作2), 主詞 + 動詞(結果)。

倒裝句(強調副詞子句)it was not until I arrived home that I realized I had left the bag containing the record on the counter.

①文法規則:「It is/was not until … that …」是一種強調句(cleft sentence)的固定句型,用來強調「直到某個時間點,某事才發生」。原句若寫成 I didn't realize I had left the bag on the counter until I arrived home,文意雖正確,但語氣平淡。強調句將時間副詞子句「not until I arrived home」提前,並以虛主詞 it 開頭,將讀者注意力集中在「時間」這個關鍵資訊上。②為什麼加分:在書信寫作的第一段,作者需要清楚交代物品遺失的「關鍵轉折時刻」。使用此強調句型,能夠像聚光燈一樣把「回到家才發現」這個戲劇性瞬間突顯出來,讓敘事更有張力,遠比普通寫法生動。③套用方法:此句型非常萬用,可套用在任何需要強調「延遲發現」或「遲至某刻才…」的情境。格式:It was not until + 時間副詞子句, that + 主詞 + 動詞。例如:It was not until the teacher announced the results that I realized I had passed.(直到老師公布成績,我才意識到自己通過了。)

假設語氣(Should + 主詞 + 原形動詞)Should I manage to find one, I will have it delivered to you at once.

①文法規則:這是條件句的「倒裝假設語氣」,原形為 If I should manage to find one, I will have it delivered to you at once。當條件句含有 should(表示「萬一、若有可能」的低機率假設)時,可以省略 if,並將 should 移至主詞之前,形成倒裝。這屬於正式書面語的用法,在書信、報告中非常得體。②為什麼加分:一般考生可能只寫 If I find one, I will send it to you,雖然文法正確,但句型普通。使用 Should I manage to… 不僅展現出對句型的掌握,語氣也更加正式、謙遜,符合道歉信的情境——畢竟寫信者無法保證一定能找到替代品,用 should 表達「萬一成功」的不確定感,邏輯上也更嚴謹。③套用方法:任何表達「若(低機率)某事發生,將會…」的情境都可套用。格式:Should + 主詞 + 原形動詞, 主詞 + will/would + 動詞。例如:Should you need any further assistance, please do not hesitate to contact me.(若您需要任何進一步的協助,請隨時與我聯繫。)這也是正式書信的常見結尾句型。

使役動詞(have + 受詞 + 過去分詞)I will have it delivered to you at once.

①文法規則:「have + 受詞 + 過去分詞」是使役動詞的被動用法,意思是「安排某事被完成」或「讓某人為自己做某事」。這裡 have it delivered 的意思是「安排將它送達」,強調的是「送達」這個動作由他人執行,而非主詞自己親手送去。②為什麼加分:如果只寫 I will send it to you,雖然意思清楚,但用字平淡。改用 have it delivered 不僅更精確地傳達「委託/安排配送」的意涵,也展現出較高的字彙與句型運用能力。此外,這個用法在實際生活情境(寄送物品、安排服務)中非常自然,讀起來道地、不做作。③套用方法:格式為 have + 受詞(名詞/代名詞)+ 過去分詞。可套用在描述「安排他人完成某事」的各種情境。例如:I will have the document printed before the meeting.(我會在會議前安排把文件印好。)或 She had her hair cut last weekend.(她上週末去剪了頭髮。)

精準用字(情感與語氣的高階詞彙)I cannot express how deeply sorry I am for losing something so irreplaceable.

①文法規則與用字分析:這句話包含兩個值得拆解的亮點。第一,「I cannot express how + 形容詞 + 主詞 + be」是一種「感嘆語氣內嵌於否定句」的進階結構,比直接說 I am very sorry 更能傳達情感的深度與「言語難以形容」的無奈。第二,irreplaceable(無法取代的)是一個由 replace + -able 加上否定前綴 ir- 構成的形容詞,精確描述了物品「獨一無二、無從彌補」的特質,遠比 very special 或 important 更有力道。②為什麼加分:道歉信的核心在於「情感是否真誠、語氣是否得當」。用 irreplaceable 一字,讓讀者立刻感受到作者充分理解這件物品對朋友的意義,展現出同理心;而 I cannot express how deeply sorry I am 的句構則讓歉意顯得發自內心,而非公式化的 I'm sorry。兩者相輔相成,大幅提升書信的情感說服力。③套用方法:「I cannot express how + 形容詞…」可套用在任何需要表達強烈情緒的段落。例如:I cannot express how grateful I am for everything you have done for me.(我無法言喻對您為我所做的一切有多麼感激。)irreplaceable 也可以替換成其他 ir- 前綴詞,如 irreversible(不可逆的)、irresponsible(不負責任的),依據文章需求靈活使用。

讓步轉折連接詞(yet 的正式用法)I understand that no apology can undo what has happened, yet I want you to know that I take full responsibility.

①文法規則:yet 在此作對等連接詞使用,相當於 but,但語氣更正式、更文學化,常見於書面語。它連接兩個對比的概念:「道歉無法挽回現實」vs.「我仍然承擔全責」,形成讓步(concession)與主張(assertion)的邏輯對比結構。②為什麼加分:如果寫成 I know that sorry cannot change anything, but I will be responsible,雖然文意相似,但用字層次明顯偏低。改用 yet 連接兩個完整且層次對等的子句,整體句子的節奏更穩重、語氣更成熟,符合一封誠懇道歉信應有的正式基調。此外,take full responsibility(承擔全責)也是比 be responsible 更地道、更書面的表達方式。③套用方法:在任何需要「先承認一個負面現實,再表明正面立場或決心」的情境中都可使用。格式:主詞 + 動詞(讓步事實), yet + 主詞 + 動詞(主張/決心)。例如:I understand that the deadline has passed, yet I believe the quality of this proposal speaks for itself.(我明白截止日期已過,但我相信這份提案的品質本身就能說話。)

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